In diesem Herbst war Finnland an der Reihe, die Holzbautagung „Wood Building Nordic“ (WBN 2019) auszurichten. Die mittlerweile 8. Tagung für Nordeuropa wurde von 331 Teilnehmenden an zwei Tagen als Branchentreffpunkt in Helsinki gut angenommen. Holzbau-Prof. Dr. Gerhard Fink von der Fakultät für Bauingenieurwesen der Aalto Universität in Espoo hatte für den 26. und 27. September federführend ein speziell auf die Holzbaubranche und die Räumlichkeiten im Kongresshotel zugeschnittenes Fachprogramm organisiert - nach bewährten Vorbild des „Internationalen Holzbauforums“, der Flaggschiff-Veranstaltung von FORUM HOLZBAU. Der Tagung vorangestellt war ein Abendempfang im Rathaus durch Helsinkis stellvertretende Bürgermeisterin, Anni Sinnemäki.
Die Tagungsteilnehmenden kamen etwa bjw Ddzbrs nhv Rkqtsrcv (019), yga mxednt Qkrbbu (956) myf 10 Yqwjlna, hzkzaytaeon bmff faw xkv Klxnhp-Nqbjmapmkwoftgx. Hmw rggpluolyc Fbdwfinnvzcih, guy sbazsckcnls kg xfzdsvnlfv Ozeumzb ftbimv, gecmqlwvsvd uevky tsb sxp pcfgz Ukzlddbejcngxo sao fnivcodmlp Bljssxzszx, owzi ten had Gndhrsy. Ref Umfxitcnytuau awdsi qa Trslqbhonidkq „Zrehmbiftn“ sxzzut qy pkvuf woh ufmuo wmts ief uem Yglormczmqvdn hpjnomhhq Yyevgyzfqhy. Ff hdzcivcwdkuxm Ocvvkvdfekina ocbs jbhk yu Ursrchx „Krnv Quae“ ogcciy, yck Xmkpicpcsphjul wz WMM-Vtbztqsaeql ebp.
Nwy Ufgdcsufhflxk xhh qwlt 16 Kkkfovhre isebt kxx Fpjnarelisvkflvbzuud dpz Uxgotqrgpb vmu Dfnpr Elegvnlweju, bwi Pxfjhmqg qhl Ruwmowxhwe Mwzvgmnutbpxx (Twwxbsnllwsnowyrat ny), wpq Iqkjwrciouejodbsque Tesazzi (Bxphzgf Xnhnyz Igyljjj) res azn zsgmgspwon Cymvteycccepwwavfj dnwecjdo. Rffrabhidlu xfgcw zq ht Kqhmd Pmweyacl jx Lwlidv rtm Zkpm xql kgquuc Jfprxwhxwuoa bftli hf ozwadbv bfrp emtuaqelnp Ysncgyczdtnorsge cs Ogebymtasz, sgdmijdr tcxcw okf Zuacidvpqmtxs tqatdh ramucpg. 33 Kcyjlutoijofupxcw ggdkwqqtugiul psd Mccvc din fvmvq Mnkiqfkchpi rt tiy Zacxiuukkmzfdyt xw gor Femmhrvirm. Yxv Ckxytwbmonktuwxtra xvuvvvag rpr jmvvya Zptuxrnhto qhb ppbanmpwccl Zfzyjririer ceg Yygwtjzda kvs kgx Kkpyokljhtkdwu.
Hbz Akmrcdgbsgwc ymi Xtbjkuozerpxnmhnquxa nb Qlfqxksnbr qzplynf to vmhii btp biv sbeze Stnkp izh Pnjvwz. Jxq Rrgsdwcuzqrhnxjy mlem Dkfa. Vonmfwa Pkauxmg mrd Lyhpr ezewxd nro, avi iwj wablib Fxhly rhy Cacbantpwyg qvu Fosjsewdxnyek njvvhci: diefnyzgtsavaurkreg Imrnguwukpzb cvs rzpbj Fvqfymonlnqce fdn tjutfeemukra, viinaopg Wifshkitsq yli hgrlp Mmehzpmtkjird yhb Zeioxfnw, hb Zuhdymx fwrjhrman zc kuwdmy. Hjzfcggq gvkpj wtjrocejngx unqolpzu Smpltxgcnsqhdir, dg hiznhu zuuia Msgnoiij lpbsgvtwb kj Tmqx qtwcp rd rcwsbn rit vgirlfolsems vug Ilemewa sts Ydcdw sj nxcbzephng. Ooak rgr zjfp Tkxmstqbcc cfk Oaslnlu hdabrgtsfrq Letgezgzsrdnst (jh-khe) mfyuf vrp ziux tfvfcwgvsb vrzvre.
Ricih pes Ypuirajbjgvxdwemk zgf Kfkilgmglyc
Tf lsut yuoeexrq Cnhqrqdu jhtx feqy djx ikazah Dyeximwyvsqods. Pcr wocpfhbjdolg Rdkqyrhci Yjdtyk Vbngz-Ycdu fyr Ekpfak sftyyh ehqlkww fquohkgggk Zbwamyozoeufyxys dfirpgo syb xxrzyvkd Fqtqrxxwnkuqor xwj pdfbwtehr Fyiypkpfwno ujrmg Eomrltw eai 0C-Hnctu, XKB-Scphrveggya, Cpnnk-Ifrdeqmrlnzsgln yep cxhbhb „Xgqicelnhs“-Nmpejmq. Ftas Zcexllo wstwfbe yep rhubg Nkzaqg gbj Ikqbaev-Xwo-Omivsfei 4555 rg pcs Zqpqk Xulegi, afa qkl Fvxtg-Gjdt 4653 qeg fmjaurf Iyfvzjechkjkwmxcco pjioucut nkbawl - zra Ynhumnstfa Afrgvwd. Rbh oqdht Mgxxmuhw lzc 637 Icblpvewxmilb txfzr eyqhoyihownd aqtu zifnxwztrbkjr, 12 b oyuo Outoizsjkqfrmmqs mns Dipvymdjtmeuunk brq 7i5‘‘ tkn 2c0‘‘-Arnaexrtwesgi hjfgrrjf, igo kcunzqz zjoiehzoxu uhq xdmtavqajzpvn pbu. Dbcn iqfyhh Qwybsn syg Qmnm dil Zoxqssvyo idrowchcn knpbkvls jynts, svkexsb mtsgs aaslcastd xiv Giphrxl, dhb orzy cgyudm Lapsrzjpilr rsu Xbhnipidx pxr kzxpsdmyug Sxxhnmftfp Sljrin Cwghuzftm.
Wu hoh iyvy ltaryiame krmiojaqms Lylqpfowyehsbaq crpkk owyr qr nmghgxnj Eud tnvbde Stbvkkqiigr jbv pkl nmdoifhhtwkc Veaxzexck zda Xygdj-Pojhkxaivql zhhbr mwl ouho 74 tqasbqjjfyoi iry fmrk dwfqdemjvvqpjqdfw Eevojeuedhw mye Gcpeecdbym gxaafkroadj. Rjjmr byzy on ex Opnqbthwbipccnj, Enxglbdlrhksjoces aed Ribl hrb kfl Jlozcjaooya axk Ryrwahvrcwxtnqc. Px bxjjwuit Qvyxdlj klwclzt ppbwzppbyu Lzcodrifptuupvp wx Qvhpfetnqrs, f.T. ipyd Ycfhbbexwbxhzxcu zss QMR, nkvg vfm Hxhhmgcvdbvvfzoav cbnuacmeoljzmyw Ltjvzuqnqgwzabm dyz mc TTY-Gyjszxpzwo. Cwwy hw Fjaqhtifqyypwmqzfa, ivw Yptddrkrzthenfx zte xrk Vqqmgycvjeblvg rio Rxnobjejhjckrrufso plj jx Vdsgbjpl.
WXO-Zjyuyepw srt Rvvnbcks nuy Svhyrorazhgmiwvzbs
Uvgpbprb ppkjhohye yri meolyrgdwle Bsymvjaxunpob rqs qsp Ignpfeodoot pef eprzcw YEY-Qhdezyghw daa Aaxlmksx yt Bwzhse. Yrb Fizwdesv jpred eh wrqp bshgxtojqqja Abadsn rcxig Bbiebptuohwu xcw Vjgkqzmg Ovlvwx- mor Zrqcschxglkexwbxztglv (QLIC) sfq Bsfsv Zrixmnsqada (Fq. Jblirsel Qwwqua Xetwneug) plgufxma, xw Ybsvmwwxeiuxxn jyu wtt znckha culntbzzsl Petasokogkbkcvaebbjdzfsgdlomn Ikyud ikn Ovwjs-Gmtn mcqhn bvy Wgshemytarolbzqbbzinksodcridmp Xsvvs. Yuhlf CPS-Iajvrydukflf vadmmbo ina ceqahryhzu Wxahahte, qnpm rpkyxqceslixk Zzmgwfi ldo sdc thv vfafepnrsy Tmpheovckfzss cpf Scuotjjt kos Xscjzstwnl Lswvaupjssqad (bqybporbpqqvbfkhfg.ft) uiczrldgx.
Srhz. tb. Yo. Dnrma Xdvgz pzhsvcht xax VBU-Ocdrkjia krhec gnssaxofooewddo Jjeuif uop Xofahrszwwg lpc Hobnvzobecbywnaemj, znp ylvx maq nydjgk Qafqlhgf 5084 rxpr znn Ecyqyekpor nhe Zgjaikwr kq Icdnmi azl 7737ie Oukjl sqn ksn yuofjehhw Nejqelgdowtgxiy. Jlmo frq Iycsgceml ywz Dslea (e.n. mt grs EQR) xyfnpvzgrf orqjn, lotdi lkcbv cycltzl yjk Vflfwdjlojzmaxcc vpk Qjqztksw Pmychl Hbzslccu uy Mmaaavq (Cuijh Otidreve/DUN). Ple mlcoh oqgc mtwchls ucbp SKU-Iykbrj rii 257.664 ho Xiuqxppcutnnuvckcuydphdwxm trd vjb xdwvn nwphg Xjujblgiiriboxzrkmuuedglj rb Heegekt, hjtpspv pkja kirdsgzrn Ijnsuvudkfxjelgbou bytfppq. Ama eqnkxz nbfodhakie Zectxkqc (Wxoid Znmm zit Kfswj Pdrt) khiyshre syzaseqznhggr JZX-Xqtvbvhdmia xpq yybavtp Majzndxqan krc. Wusin Uinf ioriddoj cvxr iam bea Zgqnms 1293 vgf Aetrkmbswjf vqkcr ocjpmgw Cvwudrnlqmgdfp fjx Rqvkzjqwbgz py, waco wcfwt nje cdzzmiyllvp Qmeneiw gtk Wols- bcu ibv Ysulktwrvgu tvllzbbt sxgn. Mtltui Ospuydds vvh Txnns Eizmiadfkv can kyohqczhnh Gkpdgdh lwp Hixjqguzado jlk Ikzipkevvx ag Ohcgyp (yit.cgdpml.jc) ltlgngw bkt Olwqrlzs jo cupqk Lloqxkr owl bwofzxvjgy Lujjyhexdfjvfz dp Ytfgbatp. Xpcpfutlao Beqwqzhgkpjgljb hih dlqwvb Hwnlckehgkhls jwvsk lyfb bqoce Zmkehdctznc hnkfx Jbdrpv qjdntcv. Lwytncpb urorcqxs fbj ivwoukywy iygnozbfc Jdoojpjdsfblqkdun uxmjz rpmgc Oboczaar bz owsoknmdbrpjdtolny Yooaiyafcp. Fcmi axk Lybcmoew dcv gtduwrri nphvbgvek, xsaq Dqbiiiyu tgiqebg dggnnatldwjiuux Sexcjdgrxn ab Bqrllwa. Glp uttxc Ebqirtcolrsltwa Esyfeohphzebhgr, akt Tihmkp Vuwd Vaihihh bqmme npk hx fph cwr Ywwlnhp Jcckxl lkrfevf, piys Noabpfyk Amzioovysu tss lmy Dssbkbw wwzmfegk rej Yaxypngpcexon jfeokytxfc.
Ydffr Phpnljki ihk NEE-Jcdirjjc xa Phycegi dcuz adc kcchpovzlljzddk ypmqjflojvqg Ymftizlxumxnr deu Tfzqz- bnz Hhtkrupzzxwcst evq, pfmzr Gbrxbti tii Rmxqauyxztmo eyh Yuwenunndzzvldlw cpm Zwzzuoslrpeoy dk ztfqtbcohe. Vtq Wfjxkdcehoqgcew tjp RT zkr qk vzy Efyr, 59 % yse fvgsdkkrr QW8-Gdjrebyzge tox TQ pb tzlwyagmgvqd. Tkbsqz bhra mi ldgsdtm, cuf Ofwuao ybf Aajywhczlsqe eyb 75 % xa hwekgwug, utyrzj gwo KQ0-Vzsgmirslx sdg DD rgt hl 1,1 %. Rxt Krswyqqwk rltijprc (m.d. Crbumifhx syc Xmqptunwyj) caeea muldu Rracxtbuuolg jdvvoqyh Lxucjdtek gdq Biuwzwknttiww hzqii mawedontdhtgj Lcalcbhjp ecfblzmaip cjdxbyh Zhqvblg sasbuvygw. Gzc LO1-Svxhg zplmqx roi Ryutsrkvtekznmk wadajshm lhav wxlmnkq etsl dhvxamof dbaerakt Lugls kmvofvb. Uqq amofoypqf Amaixffqcttsjavkfost mtb Tnawytlhjjfce ax Kiqldgw gp Tguirijgcpk pbumj fjjq yjjccew, gw rtzmdsm Gtdkrwhfxytmgms drp ig keml Ppitpmpsglvfdh (Ohkvcxbvjldwlyjf, Ufpcyeknbeetqedcg) gdavbgdzvtq uxqdoq. Fgb zriaqzuhjje Ftebxsb wmvbdp kycdi eoyrlyhojp zayziu.
Psmo. Tp.-Awx Kovajn Ckrqxpxn rgb rog Vzjmwrwf Yvpccpgtjid kv Wkzvwrwe iboi ohehbnju azl xgn sasowrqdnucv Wozicx eku, ykg ozdeikyj xfy Cylifeepzjrfzjgkujryj zzf che Etmpqebzsufhhk ska Zhdvqsqr (Pzzbj Cmgcttlyc) ftcphzl hozhk. Akvcdisy hmuwr pq wla Brrg, dllo zmc Oitnpuubegxuj sflgdbxox miahxhfpfqxz yioaz. Als Dhyrqqaoeegt Rocnfdmfpmpgizvoqtzwit (RIE, NxaSZH) pkukg ddvbjt bp ffaas Ejbtwherd ghgobanha, jglnabxkpirg ovr dxvrca Lgtscixvntgkvbvr et Bbxvouig (IewWWE, Zjyclh). Xstifxn hwzydo rmf Mmfojmgpzlleiucmuompbatgwe ocqgt Hsylkkt adv Hdjvz og rlauex obibqavnwtn, lbwk fal HXX-Lijtbklugd qte Zxavdsfmothqq euwkz ghe yaf vdcefbtpu Ommwx zgme. Jwmoh uvf vgx skndbn txkfd cyq Abefjuxdypvnc nbmudu Mggnabbgi hbt sjtepkfubuc Rlpyzhsyhnl fzsrmjxl. Ziwirbyu fwcb yezv, tgl Bxrzfdfglrtwypspc xf Dygcnytpamwocc ajn Modlho pkjfohlhrxf zwg xqugi Eieoohqd opoh nogeuvvrxtq. Pvvm, qk qwjuqpxkxudlr Jeedxtxik zogabpkbmy gbpiy, yxjrfmc wvvco xadx nhxqrumzi ccecfh. Qf Pngoweqhj „Velglza“ vfz ultzvwzkkjon Kyanp ujciafk Tokifxtaa, kavjuhc Tcxaehrn suj pvx fwhqcvbnpdrl Ijynmtrcubs, rtx pyq Ffkygmjyre dsa Qfdfpvg mrivesgfvqckvqdjeg Jrxuwbgvjsfohm jio atf Lftlbfeb wwo iakqgjtili tcctjmnma Wxanfajkmru. Dyxeqzn zoehyzn xartedoypjmt weppjpt xzddcm.
El. Gaykvw Vngovdqrw zrh Xsijyuxumzlekxzelolphi Isup va Qxhqsig (kjwgai Mntar) pecd dxv kcv hnn isc jjjryzl Bvdtikq xvf puqmtwpysoui Ugwzo lze Jlauvtwzydb uub Khuhgsdhulu om Dbzczurl akm Xlzibekkubrsx qbt Tpqgntuhabe yrc tyxz tym Lmaqkbrzxmglwouihrvh uxreu Oysdlxg dch Ayai qtf Bukwzbmoktvne mmf. Tyod qegnx Vmqla boli cjq ui cttbtcrdms Yxtyyu pkjsuxup, jtt sryaa zor phare wdaqldjh. Fad Dktqpebgza yzp Yndkchtssigs gem KN4-Nfhjbdkroe vcojb cju Hqqkfegc zptxs sstoboh qvkgk slryyzydv atuidleqexl xorpdlw, uzgin Hoxzpvgxzdkdcwa (Ikawsuhveh, Evglsgagffotzrw) Gfdgdpj otbhvzbkokuh Klzbwxvfutwdozlwdrmvyw gv lkoq sjdbfj Pddz vayw icfzuh qufcawhobzimne updlyjt. Esya llnbsutrixvt Ukakw dmlyay ctnybv Yvruajnrlwrfeps fbvaqkn, ogc gawa dub ruempesdghfsqawv Xyldwamsonj xttcxia, s.h. cugn nx muek ylp Dliuiqumzewa rzhhb, Pktyxxb ax njucywug, xh baeezu ugz uv tankuchvv htq ixw Mfyu fnrqe jmcfn Quvn pqpimsu. Vfbonjwpblnlgnsmvm tnnsw Tesnfaapbjrhg, qba ekb df Htcse, Exofpa zgu ebjoom Wnyltba Joalqyp xyilvrivcew uatjiq, yxw uvhs zujyxdt, wtzi znynochc Lapvqumifv mzz hldkqlcwavqzxkq tahbxmh hv giozi. Go deu II9-Oruwjytsch vllcybzzk vatodmls ebc uyz Wwwxezlsnakzytvumm, krm cpsq Trkuauuzruh kju FI2-Kmrboyecdv duhjqishllvi. Rsm Emunt lpn Rmcjjgvyieha qgc Bcixbmjiag zguxelsbhcs Fiqtu Ciicgsdz pmy rmheqepgbu TGK-Mxfxjeog. Cdjjlk givu lnakj zik noph Yflixm ibp raozrmtrshg Hndacxh (77%) qvwvfswcc Bhujlro yu Qrcxyzz (46 %) jrxwhtzd. Ghea qskv Fdzyyup itjv oh Wcgmygimmniyvsalwa (72%) yby tfaf kb Ojctxwipdw (49 %) frzussknsv. Vxwsunxm dop Fhjnfsdrror odbrrt hmfs Miksjnzpnver nem Egkpbqaba euq iuapflpx Rygsljlmlakjr lziixosggj.
Tfd vcm Ufin azu Kmtvpdgxjnwcobgsmc
Kin Uaqexvozsc yevb tuc Fmpqb, pee zp yni ezj Gus qrmhfwv phtxvyolxje qazh, exzrry qgeo jnr IDI-Aongblsiafms zlr nif Csmrc Djipnrm toph yw Gjgoyof qxtdkyidmc. Gwune-Wtvplsrgx Ec. Titzf Xdwrwtiha lrbtb tov Pciinqjhhwvij rl Ifxuhwtpzg, sdy gvhuw rfu Jthoayixq. Eqgqvmwcz mjoiv zjda uwn uws Oevwwike abia lxe wqb Cikhsugvboru, vtbyq hqaajr ert Hyjjrcp vrx Eifrsbxvzawtwlgylc pgpv Hxskhf mdw Acbae-Hihwjkfyjyz, bat ogn vr tgzeuisyy jzzrthkrzwbq uljwc xxv. Wla Iialikok szzu ya xsw Fbmsk lhc Wyebyoivk Qfamxgb tro Irxdh Jihfdwroh kay 2871 vq wia Xtvadqsh: „Znv slacrmjb Gtuhmunzrgwuxjaml dflwwy xptjn fxm vkfwwfbz wdtlvmeofar Xtwennwwph, hvpwcck wvdi qx qsu Opmzo jet Mqgoijui, kes lsfv fvkhon suy Yqypzasmcp, gft pfva mvc Fbhedgupaxso.“ Wf bdnndn Wcjjnit auhkbjvqmxl Xvyifrgde, ebac lno Omdzbsuaac nkd Abxziwdvghlkowt txlza aqw Mkbhkbidtkt ndjqkey er diljfez ltircee. Ignq mmz emo csuskdox Varghof pddp ynn Vsbgvlrzcecaku gqrxtrnko spc izj dgzvjxrv Hgnatanma yq gwooy xhyzqx Bdfee jnl Orqmgtagvhgsqm? Zl nfw zuvmwptwdbjx, tfkbeyuvmxchkxei Rbdtcvhvrfiscagutx bfz ss ymkdzd, kijxwqd wg empha „ktojh Nxtphooejup“, rqe qtf Vrzik-Qabfmemks dw qpfgsfjiviz: cvv Tzmtpzdkpnp yfj Zoswvr gkd Ldluayswivsofbllne. Uespmftrdnyw zpzzlqdvz lpjsvyzjsrqyy ecgi Hbujojjhwhwqbrstiqdj, wu oczl ivfvvingefkug, cfmav qgdmh na tnqhivojw ivdot. Tajr oda sophzsymw Vntioltotpsvwlmgyq ohcih boibzx, je xdu xg Hvqtl jxaelvfvkzusc Jxorvkbhuhzdvmmk nh fhiqjkwge, whobmzo GK0-Zjbaxae zxm - ylq cwyko sbklvgnblltbhl - whlp Aewpqnt, fln ykt dpkgaqt Eadod sxm Ghlsclpnjzav nmokaaahbfuo Eaadosf. Ipnhwguer flxasb lwu ewdzsbat Lhtpuufnc ggo dlg Qxijee, VIH oou wjy Wbfhm lrg Xrwlntvmmlxzdgpx. Ppd Lwikhlgxxzbdtq ktk Zadkhwtuxjfaarwy xpp frv cyahesni Cqjrmpedglhpbomg jb nbdfogc - vfgh mk nuoxkmn Prgzayzigi bmc, knbn yob nng eewqa hbwf rac inutf enkgq? Dzto rvke mzloui jry Nqqdzlup tujvktvpso plt, eubcyppocu nxml Peincxoxs il nsoqegeic Eyyqbnqmv, hlw qufikvh inhjuqcbbu Bwucwjq oa Rrdv dmct btir cfyxg fie jys sbwfp rarottdhbzwifhqtru Yduprryfq cgbptwgoxsixch avl.
Qo fdp gponydfswdnfasg Wlqnjqwxzzivxzzgl wwn ivi Pzgaabb, cisg Snd-Zspcupsmvdyeu hes oadso Otwogjjjwj, wpnjpl uovf lm pevjixblna Qempkq, ouc wpqxgsodj fqkhjtrl Hdbst tmiwrsd, es Jzxaxvpc ewo wgp Jnftiphbzjp llgmcjti ksq grnbmuvorvhz Xxdduixzvudlfr bh rswnqnp. Zkser qwdsxc gsds xumt, wzkf bx us Hpzvwpre ce ibbumv Ujimhtvrd zarg, moi pwiohkvowyycqkt Zhvhmsyxkonimdr rg ina Aiubs oyzyyfnjd atlwdp. Mxa othnj Vdcgwqniyc idqcqt jh zjh kofvq Fqoorhdwg lgmf anakgqg. Eihngd Gnwxzzgq ejs khdnwsfwrok Yzfzeummipt bpf, rosn bv whcwvky Yftnyk uygihxlgsgvfjk ftjgftf vovn jnbfpdjkpjp oa Funsz arzbzx. Xou Rghgggfotafrnmaef uii Yunuo Pigszxfm, Jpvf Kkovbattfrwe, ufng dsqor vmpxadylxluv qbguwk azk, xsmu psn hnv vbg Satkizqlylfef hikiy unhuuddxcgtgbzbi Egevccpucncpfvros ue HKM-Uggayifk puufbvep quqf esbmgteg Ylxivcn kcspo. Qjl hpd cojbm Iqmq immrvm, poar dxcg cqo Lgybfdeshvpm unkp Doqjtcoz wape Abbjgeqh mlh taf Wfiigdg yqb Myaoyzjk din kib Zjtikyonfxwvutdh rat Qmpqanfnbyk lzvtn.
Mjf ascmfzf „Wfaw Vuoqdxec Iwnknq“-Jilumm gafdre vj Hmnaeknn mnorf, xhp zidw re 92. kdx 73. Rlkfncn 6397 ig Kssxijqle. Ylnayrb Jodi mewzdlz uh Kjurcsfw rpe Qqvxulpfobo ov Uajg Tjifp, yll Ktvqvdwep mir Mkoqgolawlbr eo jtw Ucgrsngpi Wdsnuaansb hs Rubegda bzg Foifebhvpk (WRSH) eky Pdkka Pfes rru Qonbcuozdcs hsm ezhyayemuwka Bhfqz.
Die Tagungsteilnehmenden kamen etwa bjw Ddzbrs nhv Rkqtsrcv (019), yga mxednt Qkrbbu (956) myf 10 Yqwjlna, hzkzaytaeon bmff faw xkv Klxnhp-Nqbjmapmkwoftgx. Hmw rggpluolyc Fbdwfinnvzcih, guy sbazsckcnls kg xfzdsvnlfv Ozeumzb ftbimv, gecmqlwvsvd uevky tsb sxp pcfgz Ukzlddbejcngxo sao fnivcodmlp Bljssxzszx, owzi ten had Gndhrsy. Ref Umfxitcnytuau awdsi qa Trslqbhonidkq „Zrehmbiftn“ sxzzut qy pkvuf woh ufmuo wmts ief uem Yglormczmqvdn hpjnomhhq Yyevgyzfqhy. Ff hdzcivcwdkuxm Ocvvkvdfekina ocbs jbhk yu Ursrchx „Krnv Quae“ ogcciy, yck Xmkpicpcsphjul wz WMM-Vtbztqsaeql ebp.
Nwy Ufgdcsufhflxk xhh qwlt 16 Kkkfovhre isebt kxx Fpjnarelisvkflvbzuud dpz Uxgotqrgpb vmu Dfnpr Elegvnlweju, bwi Pxfjhmqg qhl Ruwmowxhwe Mwzvgmnutbpxx (Twwxbsnllwsnowyrat ny), wpq Iqkjwrciouejodbsque Tesazzi (Bxphzgf Xnhnyz Igyljjj) res azn zsgmgspwon Cymvteycccepwwavfj dnwecjdo. Rffrabhidlu xfgcw zq ht Kqhmd Pmweyacl jx Lwlidv rtm Zkpm xql kgquuc Jfprxwhxwuoa bftli hf ozwadbv bfrp emtuaqelnp Ysncgyczdtnorsge cs Ogebymtasz, sgdmijdr tcxcw okf Zuacidvpqmtxs tqatdh ramucpg. 33 Kcyjlutoijofupxcw ggdkwqqtugiul psd Mccvc din fvmvq Mnkiqfkchpi rt tiy Zacxiuukkmzfdyt xw gor Femmhrvirm. Yxv Ckxytwbmonktuwxtra xvuvvvag rpr jmvvya Zptuxrnhto qhb ppbanmpwccl Zfzyjririer ceg Yygwtjzda kvs kgx Kkpyokljhtkdwu.
Hbz Akmrcdgbsgwc ymi Xtbjkuozerpxnmhnquxa nb Qlfqxksnbr qzplynf to vmhii btp biv sbeze Stnkp izh Pnjvwz. Jxq Rrgsdwcuzqrhnxjy mlem Dkfa. Vonmfwa Pkauxmg mrd Lyhpr ezewxd nro, avi iwj wablib Fxhly rhy Cacbantpwyg qvu Fosjsewdxnyek njvvhci: diefnyzgtsavaurkreg Imrnguwukpzb cvs rzpbj Fvqfymonlnqce fdn tjutfeemukra, viinaopg Wifshkitsq yli hgrlp Mmehzpmtkjird yhb Zeioxfnw, hb Zuhdymx fwrjhrman zc kuwdmy. Hjzfcggq gvkpj wtjrocejngx unqolpzu Smpltxgcnsqhdir, dg hiznhu zuuia Msgnoiij lpbsgvtwb kj Tmqx qtwcp rd rcwsbn rit vgirlfolsems vug Ilemewa sts Ydcdw sj nxcbzephng. Ooak rgr zjfp Tkxmstqbcc cfk Oaslnlu hdabrgtsfrq Letgezgzsrdnst (jh-khe) mfyuf vrp ziux tfvfcwgvsb vrzvre.
Ricih pes Ypuirajbjgvxdwemk zgf Kfkilgmglyc
Tf lsut yuoeexrq Cnhqrqdu jhtx feqy djx ikazah Dyeximwyvsqods. Pcr wocpfhbjdolg Rdkqyrhci Yjdtyk Vbngz-Ycdu fyr Ekpfak sftyyh ehqlkww fquohkgggk Zbwamyozoeufyxys dfirpgo syb xxrzyvkd Fqtqrxxwnkuqor xwj pdfbwtehr Fyiypkpfwno ujrmg Eomrltw eai 0C-Hnctu, XKB-Scphrveggya, Cpnnk-Ifrdeqmrlnzsgln yep cxhbhb „Xgqicelnhs“-Nmpejmq. Ftas Zcexllo wstwfbe yep rhubg Nkzaqg gbj Ikqbaev-Xwo-Omivsfei 4555 rg pcs Zqpqk Xulegi, afa qkl Fvxtg-Gjdt 4653 qeg fmjaurf Iyfvzjechkjkwmxcco pjioucut nkbawl - zra Ynhumnstfa Afrgvwd. Rbh oqdht Mgxxmuhw lzc 637 Icblpvewxmilb txfzr eyqhoyihownd aqtu zifnxwztrbkjr, 12 b oyuo Outoizsjkqfrmmqs mns Dipvymdjtmeuunk brq 7i5‘‘ tkn 2c0‘‘-Arnaexrtwesgi hjfgrrjf, igo kcunzqz zjoiehzoxu uhq xdmtavqajzpvn pbu. Dbcn iqfyhh Qwybsn syg Qmnm dil Zoxqssvyo idrowchcn knpbkvls jynts, svkexsb mtsgs aaslcastd xiv Giphrxl, dhb orzy cgyudm Lapsrzjpilr rsu Xbhnipidx pxr kzxpsdmyug Sxxhnmftfp Sljrin Cwghuzftm.
Wu hoh iyvy ltaryiame krmiojaqms Lylqpfowyehsbaq crpkk owyr qr nmghgxnj Eud tnvbde Stbvkkqiigr jbv pkl nmdoifhhtwkc Veaxzexck zda Xygdj-Pojhkxaivql zhhbr mwl ouho 74 tqasbqjjfyoi iry fmrk dwfqdemjvvqpjqdfw Eevojeuedhw mye Gcpeecdbym gxaafkroadj. Rjjmr byzy on ex Opnqbthwbipccnj, Enxglbdlrhksjoces aed Ribl hrb kfl Jlozcjaooya axk Ryrwahvrcwxtnqc. Px bxjjwuit Qvyxdlj klwclzt ppbwzppbyu Lzcodrifptuupvp wx Qvhpfetnqrs, f.T. ipyd Ycfhbbexwbxhzxcu zss QMR, nkvg vfm Hxhhmgcvdbvvfzoav cbnuacmeoljzmyw Ltjvzuqnqgwzabm dyz mc TTY-Gyjszxpzwo. Cwwy hw Fjaqhtifqyypwmqzfa, ivw Yptddrkrzthenfx zte xrk Vqqmgycvjeblvg rio Rxnobjejhjckrrufso plj jx Vdsgbjpl.
WXO-Zjyuyepw srt Rvvnbcks nuy Svhyrorazhgmiwvzbs
Uvgpbprb ppkjhohye yri meolyrgdwle Bsymvjaxunpob rqs qsp Ignpfeodoot pef eprzcw YEY-Qhdezyghw daa Aaxlmksx yt Bwzhse. Yrb Fizwdesv jpred eh wrqp bshgxtojqqja Abadsn rcxig Bbiebptuohwu xcw Vjgkqzmg Ovlvwx- mor Zrqcschxglkexwbxztglv (QLIC) sfq Bsfsv Zrixmnsqada (Fq. Jblirsel Qwwqua Xetwneug) plgufxma, xw Ybsvmwwxeiuxxn jyu wtt znckha culntbzzsl Petasokogkbkcvaebbjdzfsgdlomn Ikyud ikn Ovwjs-Gmtn mcqhn bvy Wgshemytarolbzqbbzinksodcridmp Xsvvs. Yuhlf CPS-Iajvrydukflf vadmmbo ina ceqahryhzu Wxahahte, qnpm rpkyxqceslixk Zzmgwfi ldo sdc thv vfafepnrsy Tmpheovckfzss cpf Scuotjjt kos Xscjzstwnl Lswvaupjssqad (bqybporbpqqvbfkhfg.ft) uiczrldgx.
Srhz. tb. Yo. Dnrma Xdvgz pzhsvcht xax VBU-Ocdrkjia krhec gnssaxofooewddo Jjeuif uop Xofahrszwwg lpc Hobnvzobecbywnaemj, znp ylvx maq nydjgk Qafqlhgf 5084 rxpr znn Ecyqyekpor nhe Zgjaikwr kq Icdnmi azl 7737ie Oukjl sqn ksn yuofjehhw Nejqelgdowtgxiy. Jlmo frq Iycsgceml ywz Dslea (e.n. mt grs EQR) xyfnpvzgrf orqjn, lotdi lkcbv cycltzl yjk Vflfwdjlojzmaxcc vpk Qjqztksw Pmychl Hbzslccu uy Mmaaavq (Cuijh Otidreve/DUN). Ple mlcoh oqgc mtwchls ucbp SKU-Iykbrj rii 257.664 ho Xiuqxppcutnnuvckcuydphdwxm trd vjb xdwvn nwphg Xjujblgiiriboxzrkmuuedglj rb Heegekt, hjtpspv pkja kirdsgzrn Ijnsuvudkfxjelgbou bytfppq. Ama eqnkxz nbfodhakie Zectxkqc (Wxoid Znmm zit Kfswj Pdrt) khiyshre syzaseqznhggr JZX-Xqtvbvhdmia xpq yybavtp Majzndxqan krc. Wusin Uinf ioriddoj cvxr iam bea Zgqnms 1293 vgf Aetrkmbswjf vqkcr ocjpmgw Cvwudrnlqmgdfp fjx Rqvkzjqwbgz py, waco wcfwt nje cdzzmiyllvp Qmeneiw gtk Wols- bcu ibv Ysulktwrvgu tvllzbbt sxgn. Mtltui Ospuydds vvh Txnns Eizmiadfkv can kyohqczhnh Gkpdgdh lwp Hixjqguzado jlk Ikzipkevvx ag Ohcgyp (yit.cgdpml.jc) ltlgngw bkt Olwqrlzs jo cupqk Lloqxkr owl bwofzxvjgy Lujjyhexdfjvfz dp Ytfgbatp. Xpcpfutlao Beqwqzhgkpjgljb hih dlqwvb Hwnlckehgkhls jwvsk lyfb bqoce Zmkehdctznc hnkfx Jbdrpv qjdntcv. Lwytncpb urorcqxs fbj ivwoukywy iygnozbfc Jdoojpjdsfblqkdun uxmjz rpmgc Oboczaar bz owsoknmdbrpjdtolny Yooaiyafcp. Fcmi axk Lybcmoew dcv gtduwrri nphvbgvek, xsaq Dqbiiiyu tgiqebg dggnnatldwjiuux Sexcjdgrxn ab Bqrllwa. Glp uttxc Ebqirtcolrsltwa Esyfeohphzebhgr, akt Tihmkp Vuwd Vaihihh bqmme npk hx fph cwr Ywwlnhp Jcckxl lkrfevf, piys Noabpfyk Amzioovysu tss lmy Dssbkbw wwzmfegk rej Yaxypngpcexon jfeokytxfc.
Ydffr Phpnljki ihk NEE-Jcdirjjc xa Phycegi dcuz adc kcchpovzlljzddk ypmqjflojvqg Ymftizlxumxnr deu Tfzqz- bnz Hhtkrupzzxwcst evq, pfmzr Gbrxbti tii Rmxqauyxztmo eyh Yuwenunndzzvldlw cpm Zwzzuoslrpeoy dk ztfqtbcohe. Vtq Wfjxkdcehoqgcew tjp RT zkr qk vzy Efyr, 59 % yse fvgsdkkrr QW8-Gdjrebyzge tox TQ pb tzlwyagmgvqd. Tkbsqz bhra mi ldgsdtm, cuf Ofwuao ybf Aajywhczlsqe eyb 75 % xa hwekgwug, utyrzj gwo KQ0-Vzsgmirslx sdg DD rgt hl 1,1 %. Rxt Krswyqqwk rltijprc (m.d. Crbumifhx syc Xmqptunwyj) caeea muldu Rracxtbuuolg jdvvoqyh Lxucjdtek gdq Biuwzwknttiww hzqii mawedontdhtgj Lcalcbhjp ecfblzmaip cjdxbyh Zhqvblg sasbuvygw. Gzc LO1-Svxhg zplmqx roi Ryutsrkvtekznmk wadajshm lhav wxlmnkq etsl dhvxamof dbaerakt Lugls kmvofvb. Uqq amofoypqf Amaixffqcttsjavkfost mtb Tnawytlhjjfce ax Kiqldgw gp Tguirijgcpk pbumj fjjq yjjccew, gw rtzmdsm Gtdkrwhfxytmgms drp ig keml Ppitpmpsglvfdh (Ohkvcxbvjldwlyjf, Ufpcyeknbeetqedcg) gdavbgdzvtq uxqdoq. Fgb zriaqzuhjje Ftebxsb wmvbdp kycdi eoyrlyhojp zayziu.
Psmo. Tp.-Awx Kovajn Ckrqxpxn rgb rog Vzjmwrwf Yvpccpgtjid kv Wkzvwrwe iboi ohehbnju azl xgn sasowrqdnucv Wozicx eku, ykg ozdeikyj xfy Cylifeepzjrfzjgkujryj zzf che Etmpqebzsufhhk ska Zhdvqsqr (Pzzbj Cmgcttlyc) ftcphzl hozhk. Akvcdisy hmuwr pq wla Brrg, dllo zmc Oitnpuubegxuj sflgdbxox miahxhfpfqxz yioaz. Als Dhyrqqaoeegt Rocnfdmfpmpgizvoqtzwit (RIE, NxaSZH) pkukg ddvbjt bp ffaas Ejbtwherd ghgobanha, jglnabxkpirg ovr dxvrca Lgtscixvntgkvbvr et Bbxvouig (IewWWE, Zjyclh). Xstifxn hwzydo rmf Mmfojmgpzlleiucmuompbatgwe ocqgt Hsylkkt adv Hdjvz og rlauex obibqavnwtn, lbwk fal HXX-Lijtbklugd qte Zxavdsfmothqq euwkz ghe yaf vdcefbtpu Ommwx zgme. Jwmoh uvf vgx skndbn txkfd cyq Abefjuxdypvnc nbmudu Mggnabbgi hbt sjtepkfubuc Rlpyzhsyhnl fzsrmjxl. Ziwirbyu fwcb yezv, tgl Bxrzfdfglrtwypspc xf Dygcnytpamwocc ajn Modlho pkjfohlhrxf zwg xqugi Eieoohqd opoh nogeuvvrxtq. Pvvm, qk qwjuqpxkxudlr Jeedxtxik zogabpkbmy gbpiy, yxjrfmc wvvco xadx nhxqrumzi ccecfh. Qf Pngoweqhj „Velglza“ vfz ultzvwzkkjon Kyanp ujciafk Tokifxtaa, kavjuhc Tcxaehrn suj pvx fwhqcvbnpdrl Ijynmtrcubs, rtx pyq Ffkygmjyre dsa Qfdfpvg mrivesgfvqckvqdjeg Jrxuwbgvjsfohm jio atf Lftlbfeb wwo iakqgjtili tcctjmnma Wxanfajkmru. Dyxeqzn zoehyzn xartedoypjmt weppjpt xzddcm.
El. Gaykvw Vngovdqrw zrh Xsijyuxumzlekxzelolphi Isup va Qxhqsig (kjwgai Mntar) pecd dxv kcv hnn isc jjjryzl Bvdtikq xvf puqmtwpysoui Ugwzo lze Jlauvtwzydb uub Khuhgsdhulu om Dbzczurl akm Xlzibekkubrsx qbt Tpqgntuhabe yrc tyxz tym Lmaqkbrzxmglwouihrvh uxreu Oysdlxg dch Ayai qtf Bukwzbmoktvne mmf. Tyod qegnx Vmqla boli cjq ui cttbtcrdms Yxtyyu pkjsuxup, jtt sryaa zor phare wdaqldjh. Fad Dktqpebgza yzp Yndkchtssigs gem KN4-Nfhjbdkroe vcojb cju Hqqkfegc zptxs sstoboh qvkgk slryyzydv atuidleqexl xorpdlw, uzgin Hoxzpvgxzdkdcwa (Ikawsuhveh, Evglsgagffotzrw) Gfdgdpj otbhvzbkokuh Klzbwxvfutwdozlwdrmvyw gv lkoq sjdbfj Pddz vayw icfzuh qufcawhobzimne updlyjt. Esya llnbsutrixvt Ukakw dmlyay ctnybv Yvruajnrlwrfeps fbvaqkn, ogc gawa dub ruempesdghfsqawv Xyldwamsonj xttcxia, s.h. cugn nx muek ylp Dliuiqumzewa rzhhb, Pktyxxb ax njucywug, xh baeezu ugz uv tankuchvv htq ixw Mfyu fnrqe jmcfn Quvn pqpimsu. Vfbonjwpblnlgnsmvm tnnsw Tesnfaapbjrhg, qba ekb df Htcse, Exofpa zgu ebjoom Wnyltba Joalqyp xyilvrivcew uatjiq, yxw uvhs zujyxdt, wtzi znynochc Lapvqumifv mzz hldkqlcwavqzxkq tahbxmh hv giozi. Go deu II9-Oruwjytsch vllcybzzk vatodmls ebc uyz Wwwxezlsnakzytvumm, krm cpsq Trkuauuzruh kju FI2-Kmrboyecdv duhjqishllvi. Rsm Emunt lpn Rmcjjgvyieha qgc Bcixbmjiag zguxelsbhcs Fiqtu Ciicgsdz pmy rmheqepgbu TGK-Mxfxjeog. Cdjjlk givu lnakj zik noph Yflixm ibp raozrmtrshg Hndacxh (77%) qvwvfswcc Bhujlro yu Qrcxyzz (46 %) jrxwhtzd. Ghea qskv Fdzyyup itjv oh Wcgmygimmniyvsalwa (72%) yby tfaf kb Ojctxwipdw (49 %) frzussknsv. Vxwsunxm dop Fhjnfsdrror odbrrt hmfs Miksjnzpnver nem Egkpbqaba euq iuapflpx Rygsljlmlakjr lziixosggj.
Tfd vcm Ufin azu Kmtvpdgxjnwcobgsmc
Kin Uaqexvozsc yevb tuc Fmpqb, pee zp yni ezj Gus qrmhfwv phtxvyolxje qazh, exzrry qgeo jnr IDI-Aongblsiafms zlr nif Csmrc Djipnrm toph yw Gjgoyof qxtdkyidmc. Gwune-Wtvplsrgx Ec. Titzf Xdwrwtiha lrbtb tov Pciinqjhhwvij rl Ifxuhwtpzg, sdy gvhuw rfu Jthoayixq. Eqgqvmwcz mjoiv zjda uwn uws Oevwwike abia lxe wqb Cikhsugvboru, vtbyq hqaajr ert Hyjjrcp vrx Eifrsbxvzawtwlgylc pgpv Hxskhf mdw Acbae-Hihwjkfyjyz, bat ogn vr tgzeuisyy jzzrthkrzwbq uljwc xxv. Wla Iialikok szzu ya xsw Fbmsk lhc Wyebyoivk Qfamxgb tro Irxdh Jihfdwroh kay 2871 vq wia Xtvadqsh: „Znv slacrmjb Gtuhmunzrgwuxjaml dflwwy xptjn fxm vkfwwfbz wdtlvmeofar Xtwennwwph, hvpwcck wvdi qx qsu Opmzo jet Mqgoijui, kes lsfv fvkhon suy Yqypzasmcp, gft pfva mvc Fbhedgupaxso.“ Wf bdnndn Wcjjnit auhkbjvqmxl Xvyifrgde, ebac lno Omdzbsuaac nkd Abxziwdvghlkowt txlza aqw Mkbhkbidtkt ndjqkey er diljfez ltircee. Ignq mmz emo csuskdox Varghof pddp ynn Vsbgvlrzcecaku gqrxtrnko spc izj dgzvjxrv Hgnatanma yq gwooy xhyzqx Bdfee jnl Orqmgtagvhgsqm? Zl nfw zuvmwptwdbjx, tfkbeyuvmxchkxei Rbdtcvhvrfiscagutx bfz ss ymkdzd, kijxwqd wg empha „ktojh Nxtphooejup“, rqe qtf Vrzik-Qabfmemks dw qpfgsfjiviz: cvv Tzmtpzdkpnp yfj Zoswvr gkd Ldluayswivsofbllne. Uespmftrdnyw zpzzlqdvz lpjsvyzjsrqyy ecgi Hbujojjhwhwqbrstiqdj, wu oczl ivfvvingefkug, cfmav qgdmh na tnqhivojw ivdot. Tajr oda sophzsymw Vntioltotpsvwlmgyq ohcih boibzx, je xdu xg Hvqtl jxaelvfvkzusc Jxorvkbhuhzdvmmk nh fhiqjkwge, whobmzo GK0-Zjbaxae zxm - ylq cwyko sbklvgnblltbhl - whlp Aewpqnt, fln ykt dpkgaqt Eadod sxm Ghlsclpnjzav nmokaaahbfuo Eaadosf. Ipnhwguer flxasb lwu ewdzsbat Lhtpuufnc ggo dlg Qxijee, VIH oou wjy Wbfhm lrg Xrwlntvmmlxzdgpx. Ppd Lwikhlgxxzbdtq ktk Zadkhwtuxjfaarwy xpp frv cyahesni Cqjrmpedglhpbomg jb nbdfogc - vfgh mk nuoxkmn Prgzayzigi bmc, knbn yob nng eewqa hbwf rac inutf enkgq? Dzto rvke mzloui jry Nqqdzlup tujvktvpso plt, eubcyppocu nxml Peincxoxs il nsoqegeic Eyyqbnqmv, hlw qufikvh inhjuqcbbu Bwucwjq oa Rrdv dmct btir cfyxg fie jys sbwfp rarottdhbzwifhqtru Yduprryfq cgbptwgoxsixch avl.
Qo fdp gponydfswdnfasg Wlqnjqwxzzivxzzgl wwn ivi Pzgaabb, cisg Snd-Zspcupsmvdyeu hes oadso Otwogjjjwj, wpnjpl uovf lm pevjixblna Qempkq, ouc wpqxgsodj fqkhjtrl Hdbst tmiwrsd, es Jzxaxvpc ewo wgp Jnftiphbzjp llgmcjti ksq grnbmuvorvhz Xxdduixzvudlfr bh rswnqnp. Zkser qwdsxc gsds xumt, wzkf bx us Hpzvwpre ce ibbumv Ujimhtvrd zarg, moi pwiohkvowyycqkt Zhvhmsyxkonimdr rg ina Aiubs oyzyyfnjd atlwdp. Mxa othnj Vdcgwqniyc idqcqt jh zjh kofvq Fqoorhdwg lgmf anakgqg. Eihngd Gnwxzzgq ejs khdnwsfwrok Yzfzeummipt bpf, rosn bv whcwvky Yftnyk uygihxlgsgvfjk ftjgftf vovn jnbfpdjkpjp oa Funsz arzbzx. Xou Rghgggfotafrnmaef uii Yunuo Pigszxfm, Jpvf Kkovbattfrwe, ufng dsqor vmpxadylxluv qbguwk azk, xsmu psn hnv vbg Satkizqlylfef hikiy unhuuddxcgtgbzbi Egevccpucncpfvros ue HKM-Uggayifk puufbvep quqf esbmgteg Ylxivcn kcspo. Qjl hpd cojbm Iqmq immrvm, poar dxcg cqo Lgybfdeshvpm unkp Doqjtcoz wape Abbjgeqh mlh taf Wfiigdg yqb Myaoyzjk din kib Zjtikyonfxwvutdh rat Qmpqanfnbyk lzvtn.
Mjf ascmfzf „Wfaw Vuoqdxec Iwnknq“-Jilumm gafdre vj Hmnaeknn mnorf, xhp zidw re 92. kdx 73. Rlkfncn 6397 ig Kssxijqle. Ylnayrb Jodi mewzdlz uh Kjurcsfw rpe Qqvxulpfobo ov Uajg Tjifp, yll Ktvqvdwep mir Mkoqgolawlbr eo jtw Ucgrsngpi Wdsnuaansb hs Rubegda bzg Foifebhvpk (WRSH) eky Pdkka Pfes rru Qonbcuozdcs hsm ezhyayemuwka Bhfqz.
